Development of Modern Transport Aircraft Essay Example for Free

Development of impertinently-made Transport Aircraft EssayIntroductionThis document is presented to compare the two commercially successful and super-efficient airplanes, the Boeing 707-320B and Boeing 787-9. This document lead identify the key innovations in airframe and propulsion technology, and also further discuss on why the canonic design and appearance of aircraft remain un turnd over 50years.Source http//boeing.com/commercial/707family/product.htmlhttp//boeing.com/commercial/787family/787-9prod.htmlInnovations in Airframe end-to-end the years since aircraft was created, engineers are constantly improving the efficiencies, durability and speed of its Airframe. From the beginning of 1920s, the all aluminium structures to the high-strength alloys and fast airfoils in the beginning of the 1940s. However as gasifying becomes more commercialised, people were not satisfied with fair(a) travelling at higher speed they want to travel a longer distance with lesser give the axe burnt Hence, by the beginning of 1960s and 1980s, long-range design air frames and light incubus conglomerate researches were developed respectively.The materials used to construct airframe ideally require light, durable characteristics and at the possible last-place represent. The Boeing 707-320b airframe is constructed mainly using aluminium. The properties of having high tensile strength, light in system of weights, easily alloyed with other heterogeneous metals, make aluminium very favourable in meeting the requirements of the aircraft construction.Many suggested that they would much rather fly a metal plane then a moldable one. However, as for Boeing 787-9, it is made up as much as 50% of composite material, approximately 32000 kg of carbon fiber reinforced plastic made from 23 tons for carbon fibre. These composites used to construct the B787 is not like any gross plastic, it is stronger, lighter and offers greater strength to weight ratio than anything else. The b oldly introduced airframe construction weighs 20% lighter than the received aluminium designs. This approach allows the airplane to carry more payloads and fly a further distance. In plus to the overall weight saving, moving to a composite primary structure also promises to increase rebarbative to fatigue and corrosion, reducing both the scheduled and non-routine maintenance burden on airlines.Source http//bintang.site11.com/Boeing_787/Boeing787_files/Specifications.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airframehttp//www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_06/article_04_5.htmlactuation TechnologyWith rising burn down prices, all airline operators hope for an engine with low give the sack consumption.The B707-320B uses 4 Pratt and Whitney JT3D engines. Each of these low-by hold up engines could only produce 80kN of thrust. In the making of aircraft engines in the early generation, thither were many a(prenominal) constraints. Materials and technology were not developed and advance enough to whelm those limitations.On the other hand with mount up technology now, the B787-9 uses a standard electrical interface that allows the aircraft to be fitted with either Rolls Royce Trent 1000 engines or universal Electric engines. Each of these high-by pass engines produces 240 to 330kN of thrust. The aim of being compatible to these 2 models of engines is to save time and cost when changing engine types.Departing from the traditional aircraft design, the B787 also operates without the use of bleed air. The approach improves engine efficiency, as there is no loss of mass airflow and therefore energy from the engine, leading to lower send away consumption.The B787 claimed to be 70% more fuel efficient than the companys first 1950s-era four-engine Pratt Whitney JT3D-powered B707 and 20% more fuel efficient than the modern aircraft of the similar size.Basic AppearanceThe basic appearance and design of B787 appears unchanged from its trumpeter B707. The basi c swept wing, under-wing engine configuration has served as the basis for all of almost all of the new aircrafts airframe. The reason is because the way how aircraft is going to fly and how superlative is being created is not going to change considerably.Changes and improvements are often instead made on aircraft weight, performance, noise and passenger comfort.Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamlinerhttp//www.multilingualarchive.com/ma/dewiki/en/Boeing_787WirtschaftlichkeitRange EquationBreguet Range Equationpic V-Speed of aircraft L-Lift D-Drag G-Gravitional pull SFC-Specific Fuel consumption W-Weight( reference work to the comparability above) With a assumption specific plan or profile, the Breguet Range Equation is used to calculate the aircrafts range. We use this equation to predict and estimate the distance an airplane is capable to fly, accounting for its flight performance and the changes in weight as fuel is burned. The Specific fuel consumption is the m easure on how efficiently an engine uses the fuel supplied to produce work. It allows engines of all different sizes to be compared to see which is the most fuel efficient.Using high by pass design and advanced materials, modern aircraft engine is able burn fuel more efficiently and overcome limitations in early generation such as high turbine temperatures. A decrease in SFC would implicate an increase in range. Reducing the aircraft weight is always the goal for all aircraft designer.In case of B787, composite CFRP was boldly used up to 50% in the construction of the airplane. With reduced weight would means lesser thrust required. With lesser thrust would means decrease in fuel consumption rate. With a lessen fuel consumption rate, airplane will be able to fly a longer range. The lift to drag ratio refers to the amount of lift created by the aircraft, divided by the drag it produces when moving through and through air. Aircraft companies have been going towards the direction of achieving a higher L/D design since a feature aircrafts required lift is determined by its weight, delivering that lift with drag reduced, results directly to better fuel economy, longer range and at the same time a better climb performance and lantern slide ratio .Source http//web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/Unified_Concepts/BreguetNoteseps.pdfConclusionWith improved technology, aircraft engines will get increasingly fuel efficient aircraft will get lighter and stronger. Aircraft will be able to fly cheaper, faster and better.Reference1. http//www.flightglobal.com/Features/787-handover/story-so-far/2. http//www.technologymarket.eu/2011/09/boeing-ana-celebrate-first-787-dreamliner-delivery/3. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787_DreamlinerComposite_materials4. http//www.boeing.com/commercial/787family/787-9prod.html5. http//www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_06/article_04_2.html6. http//www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Theories_of_Flight/airplane/TH2.htm7. htt p//www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0003/martin-0003.html8. http//www.supercoolprops.com/articles/breguet.php9. http//howautowork.com/part_1/ch_2/Specific_Fuel_Consumption_and_Efficiency_8.html10. http//www.soton.ac.uk/jps7/Aircraft%20Design%20Resources/aerodynamics/Breuget%20Equation.htm11. http//www.designnews.com/document.asp?doc_id=22230812. http//www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_06/article_04_2.html