corporate culture Essay -- essays research papers

corporal CultureThe culture of an organization is the set of determine, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that helps its members understand what the organization stands for, how it does things, and what it considers grievous"(Griffin, 49). In other words, "the way things work around here" (Dr. Williams). In order for any small business or large commode to be successful, the employees must understand what is expected of them. While things might be slightly different in a large corporation versus a small "mom and pop shop", the goal of both is the same. exercise THE BUSINESS MONEY. The topic of my paper allow for be on makes a good corporate culture.Running a business is not so much rough the particular business but instead about the " healthy business philosophies" that ar shared by every train in the organization (Chapin, 1). Fortunately for smaller businesss, finding those "business philosophies" are not as hard or have the need to be as complex as big corporations. According to Steven Chapin, author of " make a Sound Company Culture", there are quadruple basic building blocks that serve as a strong macrocosm for the bon ton. These four blocks are integrity, leadership, dedication, and service. "Integrity is the keystone" (Chapin, 1). Complete honesty is the estimable way and should be the barely way that one does business. Without integrity, there would be no trust between your beau monde and the customers. When clients and consumers trust you, they want to do business with you and will continue to do business with you until they feel as though the integrity has been sacrificed. The second "building block" for a sound corporate culture is leadership (Chapin 1). Leadership is not only a quality that upper management and managers need to have, but instead it is a quality that all members of a business should develop (Chapin, 1). If a company only had one "leader" then t he company would not be very successful because that particular psyche would be only person to incorporate remove in the company. With many employees having leadership qualities, a company is able to better itself with by having multitude of ideas to choose from to better the company. If a company wishes to better leadership qualities then the company should encourage and " nimble participation in technica... ...enefit the company with a good out be given of energy released. Milers next principle is the excellence principle. Our culture values comfort, both material and psychological ( miller, 15). We feel as though we should light upon personal satisfaction and fulfillment from our job (Miller, 15). According to miller the only way to encourage excellence is to provide dissatisfaction (Miller, 15). Miller excessively states that a workers satisfaction is often in conflict with excellence. The average employee would rather not come under any tests and trials and it is this motivation, in part, that keeps them going (Miller, 15). The consensus principle is Millers next idea. Managers are stuck in the culture of command (Miller, 15). An organizations competency to bring ideas together and the challenge of making the employees/managers think creatively will be the success of a company (Miller, 16). It is important, according to this principle, for the employee to share his thoughts and feelings. It is also important for the employee to change his efforts from physical energy to mental energy (Miller, 16). It is This change in task that necessitates a change from command to consensus (Miller, 16).

Out of Kansas :: Personal Narrative Papers

Out of Kansas I find it on the gamey bookshelfMaus A Survivors Tale. Ive heard about it. Its about the Holocaust. Mice play the Jews, and cats play the German Nazis. I understand it already. Cats argon predators to mice. Thats easy enough. I st art reading. The Polish people be pigs. Wait a minute, I dont get it. why are they pigs? Im getting confused. I want to relieve sensationself up. Instead, I pick it up and start again.We begin as dogged troubleshooters we see a puzzle piece that doesnt fitwe all chop off a corner or throw the matter away. What is a stereotype besides a way of grouping things in order to understand them in a complete and perfectly organised way? To say that something didnt fit would be an admission that we are unsure of the world we are living ina excite public opinion. Further, we are often conditioned through art to recognize these stereotypes without thought and to react identically as a communitya style of creating and controlling an ideal society. Theater theorist and playwright Bertolt Brecht says of European theater, It is salubrious known that contact between audience and stage is normally make on the basis of empathy (136). The intention is often to make audiences identify with the characters and the stories so that they will reach a natural state of controlled catharsis at the end. Many audiences have thus learned to expect and enjoy such(prenominal) a style.Audiences seek art that will pick them up and collect them along for the entire ride. Underground comic, illustrator, and magazine editor Art Spiegelman meets that propensity in his novel-sized comic Maus. Spiegelman describes his work The goal was to get people travel forward, to get my eye and thought organized enough so that one could relatively, seamlessly, be able to become absorbed in the narrative (Jun 10). A story that absorbs the audience into its own unslowing whirlwind sounds a lot like Brechts description of the cathartic theater of control. However, Spiegelmans works havent always had the same goal. In his early career, the question that motivated his art was, How many obstacles could you put in somebodys path forward the reader just caved in and couldnt handle it anymore? (Juno, 8). The goal was to stilt catharsisto kill it in its tracks in order to resurrect active thought. I read his 1972 comic strip Skinless Perkins.

Navigating the Global- Lost in Translation

The 21st century term, ball-shapedization, conceptualizes the contemporary breakdown of tralatitious barriers and structures amongst pagan paradigms, culminating in an increasingly interconnected and interwoven world(a) environment. Manfred Stager, REMIT Professor of Global Studies, describes this trend as the increasing desalination of conventional parameters inside which individuals imagine their communal domain. Foc development on the redefinition of cultural and physical boundaries, the quote theorizes the complex and Indeterminate nature of an interrelated world, and as a result. E uncertainty experienced by Individuals who contract to navigate it. Sophie copulatives disjointed in Translation (2003) comments on agglutinations progressive education toward cultural uniformity, utilizing capital of Japan to exhibit habitations of Western and Japanese cultures. Similarly, Witt limeades The whale explores the assault of planetary forces into Maori culture, limning the increasing stratifications of traditional values and their eventual submerging by the dominant Western crook.Both texts explore the conflict between global and topical anesthetic, as well as the need to reconcile for individuals to form pregnant connections ND a whiz of self-identity. The conflict between local and global forces is the underlying message of Lost, focusing on the Journey of go after and Charlotte as they attempt to navigate the cultural uncertainty of Tokyo. Copula capitalizes on Tokyo modern Identity of a technically- advanced hybrid city, using It as a synecdoche for the spread of global Influences, namely Westernizes and the increasing preponderance of technology.The film commences with a taxi ride through the urban center field of Tokyo, featuring an advertisement of the ace, Bob, an American movie star, surrounded by Japanese signs and banners. The inclusion of intense neon-lighting is juxtaposed by camera close-ups of Japanese characters, serving to spotlight the combination of the traditional and modern-day, specifically the global pressure toward technology. The Increasing Influence of western culture Is shown by Bobs advertisement being dominating oer its Japanese counterparts through the use of camera framing, central placement and MIS en scene.The paradoxical use of an American actor to advertise a Japanese whisky likewise comments on the decline of Japanese culture, instead replaced by preference of global westernizes images and influences. Despite the physical location of Japan, Copula emphases the impairment of Japanese culture when faced by globalization and therefore, the conflict between the local and global. In The Whale, Witt Alhambra similarly explores the conflict between local and global, namely the extension of Westernizes and as a consequence, the dissolution of Maori culture.The short romance characterizes a Maori elder as he struggles to preserve his native hereditary pattern and tradition, stating The o thers felt the pull of the Apache Maori word Apache, meaning white man, both stress the increasing influence of Western culture, in correspondence with the ideas explored in Lost. This is paralleled by the motif of the meeting house, representative of the Maori culture, The outtake work is pitted with tail burns A name has been chipped into a carved panel, depicting not only the physical defacement of the temple but also the cultural deterioration of the Maori.As explored in Lost, the final line, the whale lifts a fluke of its giant tail to beat the air with its dying agony, metaphorically alludes to he inevit satisfactory nature of global hybrid and destruction of cultural diversity, epitomizing the conflict between local and global. In Lost, the increasingly complex global environment is explored through Bob and Charlotte cultural displacement, which they are able to overcome through emotional connections.Attracted to each other by their cultural similarities and local origins, Bob and Charlotte form a relationship based on mutual loneliness and uneasiness within Japans unfamiliar surroundings, emphasized in a medium dig of Bob and Charlotte fidgeting in a hotel elevator, in Juxtaposition to the motionless Japanese tarots. Evident in the close-up take of Charlotte joust on Bobs shoulder in a karaoke bar, their emotional bond enables them to change and find connections to Japans fast-paced global culture with greater confidence.Illustrated through wide- shot tinged with a neutral palette, Charlotte blends indistinguishably among the Japanese crowd in the busy Tokyo street, and Bobs final Journey to Tokyo airport is captured by a handheld camera panning across Tokyo urban skyline, symbolizing their renewed sense of acceptance and self-identity within the global landscape. Hence, in Lost in Translation, Copula emphasizes the need for individuals to adapt to the global influences shaping our world, and to realize our own existence and individuality beyond c ultural paradigms.This concept is similarly explored in The Whale, however, in contrast to Lost, the inability to adapt to global influences leads to gain cultural displacement and isolation. The protagonists retreat from the cultural influences of globalization is illustrated in the sorrow tone of Better to die than to see this changing world. He is withal old for it. He is stranded here, revealing his feelings of alienation within an increasingly westernizes world.His cultural isolation is explored repeatedly through the use of elision pronouns, writing They wave at him, and beckon him to Join them. He turns away, once again metaphorically showing his rejection of globalization and instead choosing to solely clinging to his traditional beliefs. The desertion by his people for the popularized western society alongside his inability to adapt catalyst the emotional impact of his cultural, epitomized by the bleak statement He will be glad to die. Unlike Lost, the protagonist is

The Role of Internal Audit in UAE Companies

When petroleum was discovered in 1950s in the UAE, an economic system which was to a great extent dependent on search and worsening pearling pains, the state has undergone drastic transmutation owing to the socio-economic alterations taking book bindingographic point. The chief export of the state is of fossil crude oil and gas. Today, UAE ranks 8th in the distinguish of top 10 autopsy oil get under ones skin forthing states in the universe, bring forthing about 3.1 million barrels per twenty-four hours. It is besides the 3rd largest oil manufacturer in the universe. In the UAE, fluctuations in the oil monetary value have been diminished due to variegation and hence, because of the oil resources of the state, people by and large enjoy high criterions of life. With the pullulatement of oil assiduity in the UAE, a big figure of foreign workers are seeking the line of business chances that exist in the underdeveloped state. ( Dorish, 2010 )The chief ground that I am interest ed in this country is because it is extremely related to my calling ends and aims. Researching this example at this point might turn out to be a large measure frontward in order to accomplish my discovering as the oil industry in UAE is spread outing by springs and bounds.In any concern determination, hazard is an unconditioned consideration. So, attempts are organism made in the field of hazard direction patterns in the oil and gas industry, with a focal point on fiscal and regulatory hazards. And late, operational hazards have been on the precedence list of companies across the universe. They nail down to pull off, proctor and extenuate all the hazards in a co-ordinated manner. Harmonizing to a recent Ernst &038 A Young Report, entree to militias has been identified as the premier concern hazard for the oil and gas field, others including uncertainness around sinew policy, monetary value volatility, human capital shortages and many more.Purposes and AimsAs mentioned above, the oil industry is extremely susceptible to operational hazards. ingrained analyzeing can help the top direction of a company to place the possible hazards related to their operations and the steps that could be taken to command them efficaciously. The purpose of set abouting this interrogation survey is to concentrate on the immensity of inbred audit in hazard direction in oil companies. As UAE is a dowery of the GCC states, it has a joint aim with the other states of GCC to further technological and scientific advancement of the oil industry. Hence, there is a big potency for oil companies in the state. Hence, this survey would concentrate on the oil companies that are positioned in UAE. Besides, the strength of this industry would supply a ambitious undertaking for indwelling audit of the same. Based on the above purpose, the following aims can thereof be framedTo go on out the significance of internal audit in oil companies.To set up a correlativity among internal audit and hazard direction in oil companies.To happen out the oil companies on which this internal audit can be through with(p).To happen out the betterment in the aim of GCC states by attribute internal audit to better their technological and scientific advancement in the oil industry.Overview of reappraisal of the relevant literatureGlobally, many enterprises are being taken by regulative organic structures across the universe to stress the richness of scrutinizing in any concern. To help the directors, hearers and the IT users, the Information Systems Audit and Control draw ( ISACA ) and the IT Governance Institute ( ITGI ) , in 1996, created a set of best patterns material aa the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology ( COBIT ) . It is a set of by and large accepted steps, indexs, procedures and best patterns which help them to optimise the advantages of utilizing information engineering, and to develop appropriate IT administration and control in the c ompany. Besides, to patronize the National billing on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, a voluntary private sector organisation, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations ( COSO ) , was create in 1985. sexual scrutinizing in any industry is carried out in sundry(a) legal and cultural environments depending on the organisation. These organisations may differ in footings of intent, size, complexness, and construction. 1 Any sort of internal auditing is done by the persons within or inside the organisation. However, there might be differences in the manner internal auditing is carried out due to the organisational environment. Despite these differences, it is undeniable that these patterns should conform to the IIAaaa?s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing ( Standards ) . 2 This conformation is indispensable in order to run into the duties of internal hearers and the internal audit activity. The chief intent of these criterions is to sketch the basic rules nucleotide foring the pattern of internal auditing and supply a model for executing and go a wide scope of value-added internal auditing. These criterions besides set up the footing for the rating of internal audit public presentation and at the same time are intended to cultivate improved organisational procedures and operations. ( The Insitute of Internal Auditors, 2010 )A figure of writers have argued on the benefits of transporting out an audit of the house. Kuhn and Figgins ( 1994 ) explained that it helps to find the root cause of jobs bing in concern operations. Efficient use of resources of the company which consequences in cost decrease has besides been argued as a benefit by Drew ( 1993 ) . Preventing concern hazards and developing programs and schemes has been besides stated as a benefit by Donaldson ( 1993 ) . Campbell, Goold and Alexander ( 1995 ) and Simpson ( 1995 ) besides discuss the importance of scrutinizing in strategic decision-making which requir es company resource information capablenesss so that assorted alternate actions can be identified and supported. ( Wendy Fenwick, 2009 )Merely to hold a hint of the importance of internal auditing in oil based companies, there are a figure of formalistic preparation plans designed for a hebdomad to cary it out. These audits have been organized by mistieurope in the yesteryear. They can be of critical aid in ground the hazards asscoaited with the concern, accord the procurance map, understanding the auditing undertakings etc. Hence, there surely is a large potency for slobber oning internal audit for hazard direction of the oil companies in UAE.MethodologyBasically, this seek would be done by both secondary and primary inquiry methods. As oil is a extremely ruling sector in UAE ( the state is the 8th largest maker of oil in the universe ) 3 , a batch has been published on the Internet. This would assist in understanding the hazards associated with the same and farther aid in car ry oning the internal audit. A few of the forums which have information on the same are Khaleej, The gulf and Factoidz.The nest research to be done in this class would be primary research. Taking interviews is a time-taking every bit good as expensive matter. Hence, questionnaire distribution in a simple random specimen amongst oil companies ( including direction and employees ) , can be done. Further, based on the formed hypothesis, z-test can be used to happen out the proof of the research.Proposed TimetableA Gantt chart is being shown below to show the possible timeline of the undertaking. The chart intelligibly depicts assorted stages of the undertaking life rhythm and the time/ month during which a peculiar stage of the undertaking will be implemented.It can be viewed in the MS-Project file attached with the physician.

Violent Tv Programs

violent tv programs have been charge for causing crime rates to rise in many countries. tho many people dont agree that military force is related to TV viewing. argue the possible reasons for both opinions. give your opinion as to wether or non violent programs should be taken off the air. It has yen been asserted that observance crime on television or playing violent film games contributes to violent behavior. In other words, it is what a soulfulness watches that allegedly influences and desensitizes him. and so he becomes violent. Consider the absurdity of such a thesis . citizenry who are fascinated and excited by violence and other crimes tend to particular types of programs and games and immerse themselves in them, some for hours each day. Their absorption with violence reflects their personality. 2. Millions of people view violence in television programming It is diversion or news. Thats it The viewers do not consider for a result ordaining what they see. The eq uivalent is true with playing video games. They are solely for recreation. 3. on that point is such a thing as a copycat crime.A person watches a crime enacted in detail on television and because does the same thing. His decision to do so reflects a mind that has long been fascinated and excited by crime and violence. For every person who cleverness fantasize about, then replicate the crime, millions of people who saw the very same thing reject it, are repulsed by it, and never would be tempted to enact what they watched. Related Articles Massacre for the Media One-Way Trip to Davy Jones Locker Porn For Pedophiles lewd Children On Parade Forced to Kill You FirstCasey Anthony Is Found Not guilty Of Killing Her Daughter Find a Therapist Search for a mental health professional near you. Critical is not what is on the screen or in the game but what already resides in the mind of the viewer, reader, game player, or listener. A not guilty by reason of television defense failed many y ears ago in a Florida courtroom. Violent tendencies reside within the personality, whether or not the person watches programming depicting violence. The television program, the movie, or the videogame do not grow him into something alien to his basic personality.

North Korea Essay Essay

Imagine how life history would be like if you stand firmd in trade union Korea. A country so isolated and cut off from the rest of the world. in time after some(prenominal) a(prenominal) decades from the war, northerly Korea and the States fool never truly been friends. normality Korea holds the States responsible for dividing their country into northwest and South. However in that respect atomic number 18 some similarities and differences between America and uniting Korea.America is very different from sum Korea. While we have a Constitution with a Bill of Rights, amendments and prefatorial freedoms, they must follow whatever their leader says with no exceptions. Even though North Korea has a constitution and amendments, the leader still controls all of the country. American citizens are adequate to vote for their countries leader unconnected North Korea, in which where the son of the leader takes his fathers place with ruling the country. So, provided one man rul es North Korea and all decisions are made by him. Distinct from North Korea, where people usurpt have the out-of-pocket process of law, Americans have the dependable to try to prove that they are not guilty. North Koreans are brought up to love their leader and arent allowed to study in anything else. For them, their leader is the greatest and he is always right.On the new(prenominal) hand, Americans are allowed to rely in whatever religion they choose is right for them. American citizens are all granted equal protection unlike North Korea where only high-ranking officials are provided with those same basic protections. Also, there is no Internet, and cell phones are banned from the country, which block the people from communicating with the rest of the world. Most Americans are provided with basic needs, but in North Korea, a lot of people (child or adult) go blind because they dont have those basic needs. Lastly, because hospitals and medical care in North Korea is so bad, m any people dont get the manipulation that they desperately need. Thankfully, in the U.S., we have good Medicare and trained doctors who are able to cure people every day.American rights also have many similarities to those of North Korean citizen. Both countries have very strong militaries. We in addition strive to become independent countries. The people in America and North Korea have responsibilities, duties, and limited rights. For example like paying taxes and respecting the leader/president. Even though the strictness of these three elements may change in from each one country, people in both countries still have to do these things.Although America is a democratic country and North Korea is a theocracy, they both have a strong governance system. North Korea is ruled by Kim Jon Sun, our government has three branches and a president. Citizens of America are required to have a passport to travel to other countries, which is a lot like how North Koreans are needed to have documentation in order to go to different places in their country.There are certainly more differences than similarities between America and North Korea. Living in North Korea would most definitely not be easy. So many things are available to us in the U.S. that wouldnt be available to us in North Korea. American citizens have fair rights and can believe in whatever they want. We are able to travel to other countries and live according to our rules. Over looking all of the pros and cons of both countries, America would undeniably be an easier and more unrestricted country to live in.

My Dream Job Essay

Everyone has a daydream. I to a fault dream of a job that will make me childs dream comes true. My grandfather and father both customsal Chinese physician. They establish excellent medical skill and lofty medical ethic. In China, The indemnify is c exclusivelyed angles in white, People respect them. I used to confirm sick in my childhood. My father always stand cure my unsoundness by usageal Chinese medical. I think everything like a magic. I feel so amazing.I adore my father, so when I was a child, I want to be a traditional Chinese physician. And then the dream is not changed. History By learning rough more knowledge, I know Traditional Chinese practice of medicine has a history of several days. It is one of Chinese splendid cultural heritages. It is the attainment dealing with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. During several thousand years it has made large contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and pro sperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of innovation medicine as well. pic Li Shizhen, one of the famous physicians in the Chinese history. He is very important for the traditional Chinese medical develop. He makes people start attention it. He wrote too some(prenominal) books that nigh how to use the tradition skill to cure the sickness to save the patient. pic Ben Cao faction Mu is the most famous of traditional Chinese medical books by Li Shizhen wrote. The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 medicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items.It is a great contribution to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. Methods of treatment Diagnose skills Chinese corrade stylostixis Chinese herbs ? Diagnose skills pic There is a combined use of the four symptomatic methods among herbalist doctors observe, hear and smell, ask about a gitthaground and touching after the four s teps, the doctor can know patients illness. thusly treatment was deferred pending further diagnosis. ? Chinese massage pic Chinese massage is known as Tui Na, uses wave-like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles.Bring awareness back to a someones soundbox and making it a source step in the healing process. Stimulate the flow of Qi, blood and body fluids can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problem. The masseur can contribute you an all-over massage and focus on specific areas with pain or do a treatment on the affected area. So tradition Chinese medical can use our life. Chinese massage use up skilled technological and more experiences. So I should constant practice. ? Acupuncture Acupuncture is both One of the oldest forms of Chinese Medicine.It as same as massage are both important. Acupuncture involves the stimulation of anatomical points on the body with thin essentialled. Needles are placed at Yin/Yang Meridian points. setback to what you might think, s tylostixis patients usually feel little to no pain, because acupuncture needles are hair-thin and are manipulated either by hand or electricity. pic ? Chinese herbs Except for use these skills, tradition Chinese physician also need know Chinese herbs purposes. Herbs are a vital part of Chinese healing. Chinese herbs oblige many kinds.Differentiate into many species. Each subdivision has unparalleled characteristics. The ingredients work in harmony to jockstrap a persons body. Herbs can help boost Qi and balance Yin/Yang. pic return Whatever traditional Chinese physician or other doctors, they lead many same effects. They like an angel who brings patients from illness to happiness and give the hope to the patients to live on. They may let these experiences personally the human which the falter suffers to get rid of the pain and they saved many peoples lives during their work. Traditional Chinese physician not only can help patients take away the pain, but also help people ca rgo hold in dear health by some traditional methods. For usage Chinese feed therapy is good for our health, and it can use to our daily life, for food and drink. Certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. Combining Qigong with doing is a good choice, because it regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of Qi. It can make our sound in body and mind. pic pic Traditional Chinese medicine contains thousands of year peoples wisdom.It is only belong to Chinese unique culture. And Chinese herbs are from nature, without adding any chemicals. So the herbs dont have bad effect for health. Tradition Chinese medicine is an abstract subject. It has many different skills. The effects of different, but they are the same important. So I know that if I want to be a good tradition Chinese physician, I need spend many energy and era to master different knowledge and learn how to become a good doctor. I will try do my best that make dream come true.

The Founding Father of Jazz: Louis Armstrong

Foundations of the installation Father of chicane Louis Armstrong Being heard in movies, the radio, television, and so far elevators, have a go at it melody has made its mark in just roughly e truly single location of the world. As popular as chouse is almost the world, its original roots and foundations in the African-American culture atomic number 18 oft forgotten. One of the most influential jazz musicians, Louis Armstrong, as well as cognize as Satchmo or Pops, is considered to be among the founding fathers of jazz music. His passage launched in the early 1900s, where his legacy would form early to create a depart foundation for early jazz music that was kind of exceptional.Louis Armstrong was such an substantial part of the jazz age during the 1920s that his music created a slopped foundation, paving the way for Jazz musicians everywhere. His influential singing, along with his great dexterity, composite lyrics, and profound melodies make it easy for him to cla im his title as The Founding Father of Jazz. Taking his prototypic breath in the world on August 4, 1901, Louis Armstrong was born to William and Mary Mayanne Albert Armstrong in the Battlefield of hot, Orleans, Louisiana nonpareil of the poorest areas of town (Old 15).Shortly after his birth, he was a call uponed by his father, a milling machinery worker, to be leave with his m some(a) other, struggling to make ends meet (Old 16). Armstrongs puerility was rather tough considering the fact that he had been a roachoned by his father. Also, as time worsened, he was abandoned by his start as she sullen to prostitution to create additional cash. He and his younger sister, Beatrice Armstrong Collins, were frequently left in the care of his maternal grandmother, Josephine Armstrong and their Uncle Isaac (Old 16).At age five, he moved keystone to function with his mother and relatives and very rarely saw his father. Armstrong had much prise for his mother he wrote, She held up her head at all timesWhat she didnt have, she did without. (Old 22) As a youngster, Armstrong was often seen singing in the streets with his friends to earn money. He was a very smart boy, but he often made the wrong decisions. He skipped from kindergarten into the second grade and grew up in a rough area where he would learn to shoot die for pennies and play blackjack (Old 23).He attended the Fisk schooltime for Boys in 1906 where he was inaugural exposed to a large variety of music and brought in surplus money as a paperboy, selling solid food to restaurants, and hauling sear to Storyville. However, he was non able to help his mother from turning to prostitution. often times, young Armstrong explored local dance halls where he would soak in versatile aspects to the music business, including the music itself, perfor mances, and dancing. The infamous Storyville is where Armstrong often listened to bands and musicians which admitd Joe King Oliver and other famous vocali sts (Old 36).A fast forward to the year of 1912 brings us to the beginnings of Armstrongs affair in instrumental music. In this very year, he dropped out of the Fisk School for boys and began to make a living by singing on the streets of sassy Orleans with a quartet group. During the time Armstrong performed with the quartet, Joe King Oliver taught him how to play the cornet. Because Armstrong did not have much family support, he was often left to his lonesome. However, a very kind Lithuanian-Jewish family, the Karnofskys, who gave him odd jobs from time to time took him in and treated him as their own.Eventually, the Karnofskys loaned him money for his first very own cornet, which would give him one of the indispensable tools needed to be a successful musician an instrument (Morgenstern 100). Although Armstrongs positive experience and career outlook began to develop in a great way that soon took a channelize in 1914 when he was sent to the New Orleans Home for Colored Waifs , a ungodliness home (Old 27). During that time, he was most cognize for his arrest due to dismission his stepfathers pistol into the air at a New twelvemonths Eve celebration.While at home, he was appointed to be the band leader for The Home band as they played all around New Orleans at the age of 13 years old. His tuneful career became more than popular as he gained attention from the unrestricted eye for his evident cornet playing skills. At the age of 14, Armstrong was rel sticking(p) from the home, returned to live with his father and stepmother, and soon to live with his mother again. Moving back with his mother put him in an environment that led him back to performing on the streets and being tempted by the red-light district lifestyle.Shortly after moving in with his mother, he got his first dance hall job (Henry Ponces) where he hauled blacken by day and played cornet at night, making his skills long-familiar once again. Armstrong frequently performed as a cornet pla yer which at long last helped him develop his own style and a more serious locating toward music. He played in the citys brass band parades, riverboats and steamboats, and took notes from other musicians with every change he got. Perfecting his craft was something that was very unadulteratedal to him.Some influential musicians that affected Armstrongs career included Buck Johnson, comrade Petit, slang Ory, and Joe King Oliver. King soon became a mentor and roughly of a father figure for the young musician who seemed to have no relevant family relationships or strong ties. His participation in playing on steamboats around New Orleans led him to travel with the popular band, sine qua non Marable. As he and the well-regarded band toured up and down the Mississippi River, much experience was gained by working with write tuneful pieces and arrangements.In 1917, Armstrong began playing with Kid Orys band until 1919 when Joe Oliver decided to move north and resign his station in the band. 1919 marks the year Armstrong became an official band member and re coiffed the King. Also, in that year, he became the second trumpeter for the Tuxedo Brass Band in New Orleans. In between his time playing with Kid Ory, Armstrong hook up with Daisy Parker (Gretna, Louisiana) on March 19, 1918 (Old 39). Around that time Louis cousin, whose mother, Flora, died presently after heavy(p) birth, had been concurn in by the newlyweds.The three-year-old boy, Clarence Armstrong, who was mentally disabled, became one of Louis main responsibilities. Although both Daisy and Louis were parenting Clarence, the spousal relationship did not last very long. They quickly separated and filed for divorce. However, Parker died shortly after the divorce. As Armstrongs career began to develop regular more, some adjustment had to be made to perfect his craft even more. In 1921, Louis Armstrong learned how to efficiently read music. His improvements led to great advancements as he joined O livers Creole Jazz Band in lolly in 1922.While working with the band, he took interest in Lillian (Lil) Hardin, the pianist, and they soon got married. His marriage with Lil lasted much longer than his first and they accomplished great things together. Although Louis Armstrong is renowned for his undreamt jazz records, it is not widely known that many of his greatest hits were written and set up by his wife at the time. She played the piano, composed, and arranged music for most of the central bands from New Orleans at the time.Lil Armstrong was a major contributor to her husbands success as she composed hundreds of records and created musical successes (Kallen 32). In 1923, as paychecks persist ind to roll in, Armstrongs career began to take a turn for the better. His lucrative career provided the proper finances for his abundant lifestyle maintained in Chicago, where he met Hoagy Carmichael. A vernacular friend, Bix Beiderbecke, introduced the two to each other and they la ter collaborated on several projects. Jazz music began to circulate and spread through speakeasies, ballrooms, and dancehalls of Chicago (Kallen 30).It was very important that Armstrong would move to Chicago during the 1920s in order to keep up with the times. African-Americans moved away from the South to industrial states in the North this was known as the Great Migration (Kallen 28). The city nicknamed Chi-Town became the major hub for gangsters, illegal nightclubs (speakeasies), and illegal spirits trade. The speakeasies were a major launching place for black musicians because they provided a place for the musicians to perform, earn lucrative paychecks, and led to a golden age of intromission (Kallen 28).Although Armstrong thoroughly enjoyed working with Oliver in Chicago, his wife suggested that he seek more advisement in order to develop and expand his newer style which was quite different from Olivers. Listening to his wife, Armstrong left Olivers band, and began to play in Fletcher Hendersons band in Harlem, New York, 1924. The Henderson band, being highly respected, played in only the best venues and often for white-only crowds. While in Hendersons band, he adapted to their controlled sound and style of play and incorporated storytelling and singing into his acts.Armstrong to a fault made many side recordings which included the likes of Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Alberta Hunter. Many of these collaborations were arranged by an old friend back in New Orleans, Clarence Williams. Although he made quite a name for himself in the big city, his hobble in New York did not last long he eased on down back to Chicago in 1925 in forecast of boosting his career, increase income, and gain more publicity. Introduced as the Worlds superlative Trumpet Player, Armstrong began to play with the Lil Hardin Armstrong Band but in conclusion began to record nether his own name instead of joint projects with his wife.He recorded under okey and worked with his own gro ups, the Hot tail fin and the Hot Seven. Popular hits during this time include Potato Head Blues, Muggles, and West End Blues. Several hits, including Muggles had references that indicated Armstrongs long-time bosom of recreational plant use with marijuana. aft(prenominal) working with the groups Hot Five and Hot Seven, Armstrong went into great ventures forming another band Louis Armstrong & the Stompers. The band toured with the classic musical, Hot Chocolate, and had notable performances.He also made cameo appearances as a vocalist, often taking the spotlight with his rendition of Aint Misbehavin. Armstrongs interlingual rendition of the song was quick to gain popularity and became his biggest selling record of all time. Armstrong finally moved to Los Angeles in 1930 and played in the Cotton Club with work up floor shows and celebrity guests. At the Cotton Club, he had notable success with his vocal recordings and even renditions of other famous songs. His recordings t ook a chance of melodic line with the introduction of the RCA ribbon microphone in 1931.Intrinsic music style change showcased Armstrongs unique vocal style and gave him a more groundbreaking approach to singing. It would not be long before Armstrong would make appearances in film. In fact, in 1931, he appeared in his first movie, Ex-Flame. However, shortly thereafter, he was convicted for possession of marijuana, induced conflict upon himself with the mob, moved back to New Orleans, and eventually fled to Europe. As a comeback attempt, which was successful, Armstrong and his band worked with Joe Glaser to record with the Mills Brothers, Louis Jordan, Tommy Dorsey, and even Ella Fitzgerald.He later appeared in the film, Pennies from Heaven with Bing Crosby in 1936 and in 1937, he became the first black to host a sponsored, national radio broadcast. Louis Armstrongs career began to rise again however, his marriage did not experience the same thing. After having a variety of issues with his wife, Lil, they decided to divorce in 1938 and he began his ordinal marriage with a woman named Alpha and his image to the public became a major concern. In addition to Armstrongs marijuana usage, he love to eat food and write in his journal.Several journal entries range from unstated to explicit notes which include several accounts regarding his sex life, music, childhood memories, and even a few jokes. He also went into great detail to describe food the taste of it, the smell of it, the textures, and the way it made him feel on the inside. viands truly made him a soulful man with a smiling on his face. However, his love for food became a problem when it came to health concerns. Armstrong was at major risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and even obesity.It became his elementary goal to control his weight. Often times, he would be seen taking laxatives and go them to his band mates. It was very important to him to maintain a certain image that he wo uld be perceived as a fit man being in many films inspired him to do so. Some who worked with him also recalled times he would purge him in order to control weight. Armstrongs life as not only an entertainer, but a wind personality, made him a great man adored by Americans in the 1900s. He gave even the greatest performers something to learn from.His influential jazz styles along with his loving personality gave him the career of a lifetime and truly a great experience. Louis Armstrong and his legacy as a Jazz musician continue on. The Founding Father of Jazz left a mark in music history that cannot be erased. Works Cited Armstrong, Louis. Satchmo My Life in New Orleans. New York, NY Da Capo, 1986. Print. Bergreen, Laurence. Louis Armstrong An Extravagant Life. New York Broadway, 1997. Print. Jazz . Jazz Greats . Louis Armstrong phosphate buffer solution KIDS GO Jazz . Jazz Greats . Louis Armstrong PBS KIDS GOPBS Kids, n. d. Web. Nov. 2012. <http//pbskids. org/jazz/nowthen/loui s. html>. Kallen, Stuart A. The History of Jazz. San Diego Lucent, 2003. Print. Louis Armstrong. Musician (Trumpet) completely About Jazz. N. p. , n. d. Web. Nov. 2012. <http//musicians. allaboutjazz. com/musician. php? id=3483>. Louis Armstrong. Musician (Trumpet) All About Jazz. NPR, n. d. Web. Nov. 2012. <http//musicians. allaboutjazz. com/musician. php? id=3483>. Old, Wendie C. Louis Armstrong King of Jazz. Springfield, NJ Enslow, 1998. Print.

The Tax Research Process

The Tax investigate Process The overriding purpose of revenue explore is to buzz off solutions to the task jobs of ones lymph glands or employer. The process is same to that of traditional legal look. The police detective moldiness make up ones mind representation, evaluate the public- usefulness corporation of that berth, and apply the results of the seek to a specific situation. One trick position ii essential task revenue query skills * The first is using authentic mechanical techniques to describe and order the evaluate authorities that relate to result a caper. * The second entails a combination of reasoning and creativity and is to a greater extent(prenominal) difficult to learn.A tec essential begin with native intelligence and fancy and add training and experience properly to apply the in make-up found. creativity is necessary to explore the pertinent relationships among the circumstances and problems at hand to bring forth a satisfying (and defensible) solution. In m whatever cases, no legal agency exists that is directly on point for the problem. If such a situation fucks up, the tec must(prenominal)iness combine seemingly un related to facts, ideas (including those that he or she has derived from precedent research work), and legal post to arrive at a really novel decisiveness.This creative mightiness of the researcher often spells the difference amidst success and failure in the research process. Outline of Tax Research Process As the task problems of the node become more significant, the related appraise research can become conviction-consuming and, thus, expensive to the node. A moderate value research problem often takes up to eight or ten hours of research quantify, and the bill for these go may advancement or even exceed $2,000. Because of the costs that ar heterogeneous, the value researcher must work as efficiently as possible to harbour the solution to the clients problem.The re searcher needs a manikin for the research process, so that he or she does non waste time and effort in arriving at a solution to the problem. The tax income research process can be broken down into six major gaits. Tax researchers (especially those without a great sum of experience at the t take in) must approach the resolution of a tax problem in a structured manner, so that the analysis of the problem will be pure(a) and the solution complete. beat 1 Establish the accompaniments Before a researcher can analyze the tax consequences of a performance, he or she must to a lower placestand the transaction itself.Specifically, the researcher should discuss the expands of the transaction with the client to ascertain the clients motivation. What are the clients line of products or financial objectives in undertaking the transaction? What does the client forestall as the desired outcome? What risks has the client identified? By petition these types of fountainheads, the res earcher gets to be more acquainted with the non-tax features of the transactions. Discover All the Facts The researcher must discover all the facts concerning the clients transaction.Like a paper reporter, the researcher should question the client about the particular who, when, where, why, and how of the transaction. The researcher should non assume that the clients initial summary of the transaction is existently accurate and complete. Perhaps the client hasn t located all the facts that the researcher needs. Or the client may become discounted the significance of certain facts and omitted them from the initial summary. The researcher should encourage the client to be objective in stating the facts.Often, a client unwittingly presents the researcher with the clients subjective conclusions about the facts instead than with the facts themselves. Impact of thickenings Tax Knowledge When a researcher is working with a client to uncover the relevant facts, the researcher must take into account the level of the clients tax knowledge. If the client has both(prenominal) knowledge of the tax law, the researcher can ask questions that presume such knowledge. On the divergent hand, if the client is unadvanced in tax matters, the researcher should ask only questions that the client can closure without reference to the tax law.Step 2 Identify the Issues After the researcher is satisfy that he or she understands the clients transaction and knows all the relevant facts, the researcher can proceed to the second stair in the research process. In this step, the researcher identifies the tax issue or issues suggested by the transaction. The ability to recognize tax issues is the product of technical education and maestro experience. Consequently, this step is unremarkably the most challenging for new tax researchers. The identification of issues leads to the formation of tax research questions.The tax researcher should be as precise as possible in formulating questions. A precise question is narrowly stated ands contributes clear parameters for the remaining steps in the research process. An imprecise question that is vague or overly broad in range of mountains may provide insufficient parameters and result in wasted time and effort. Multiple Research Questions If the tax issue suggested by a transaction lead to multiple research questions, the researcher must determine the lay out in which the questions should be answered.In our complex tax system, the answer to a question often depends on the answer to one or more foregoing questions. Tax researchers who understand the hierarchy of their research questions can address all(prenominal) question in the right order and conduct their research with utmost efficiency. A combination of education, training, and experience is necessary to enable the researcher to identify all of the issues with respect to a tax problem successfully. In some situations, this step can be the most difficult element of a tax research problem to carry out.Issues in a closed-fact tax research problem often arise from a conflict with the IRS. In such a case, one can ascertain the issue(s) easily. Research of this constitution usually consists of finding support for an action that the client has already taken. Types of Issues In most research projects, however, the researcher must develop a magnetic inclination of issues. Research issues can be divided into two major categories * Fact issues are concerned with development having an objective reality, such as the dates of transactions, the amounts involved in an exchange, credibleness, intent, and purpose. Law issues arise when the facts are well established, but it is not clear which portion of the tax law applies to the issue. Step 3 settle down potency As the threesome step in the research process, the researcher heads for a tax library. A researchers mission is to locate the authority that provides answers to the research question . Traditional libraries consist of shelves filled with books, loose-leaf binders, magazines, and other make materials containing all the technical minutiae of the tax law.Today, traditional libraries are disappearing as professional tax advisors gain access to the electronic libraries available on the Internet. Once obvious advantage of electronic libraries is the speed at which researchers can access sources of authority and move among the sources. A second advantage is the solace with which electronic sources can be updated to include current developments. A third advantage is that an electronic library is portable. A tax researcher with a laptop figurer can access the library at every time and from any location.Regardless of whether a tax researcher is working in a traditional or electronic library, a researcher must be knowledgeable about the content and organization of the reference pertaining to the problem at hand. The researcher also must be able to key out between the tw o main categories of reference materials sources of authority and sources of information. Primary function Primary authority is an element of the Federal tax laws that was issued by Congress, the treasury Department, or intragroup revenue enhancement Service. Primary authority carries greater senior weight than standby authority.Each primary authority also has a congener weight to other primary authorities. Weight is best described as an assessment of relative importance compared to other authority. Statutory sources include the Constitution, tax treaties, and tax laws passed by Congress. Statutory authority is the basis for all tax provisions. The Constitution grants Congress the power to impose and collect taxes and also authorizes the existence of treaties with other countries. The power of Congress to implement and collect taxes is summarized in the Internal taxation figure, the official title of U. S. tax law.The Internal Revenue rule constitutes the basis for all ta x law, and, therefore, the basis for arriving at solutions to all tax questions. The other primary sources of the tax law, administrative and judicial authority, function mainly to interpret and explain the application of the provisions of the Internal Revenue mark and the intent of Congress. Administrative sources include the various rulings of the Treasury Department and the IRS. These are issued in the form of enactments, Revenue Rulings, and other pronouncements. Judicial sources consist of lay in rulings of the various romances on federal tax matters.Secondary say-so Secondary Authority Sources consist of unofficial sources of tax information, such as * tax services * journals * textbooks * treatises * newsletters. Secondary authority is an element of the tax law that was issued by a professional or scholarly writer. It is an interpretation of the tax law issued by primary sources. Many secondary sources exist. Some of the most useful are the editorial analysis and expla nation contained in many of the major tax services, articles published in the numerous professional journals and newsletters, treatises, and textbooks.Secondary authority carries less precedential weight than primary authority. Secondary authorities are useful in finding, analyzing, and evaluating primary authorities. The distinction between primary and secondary (or editorial) sources of authority is more important because of IRC 6662, which imposes a penalty on whole understatements of tax, except where the taxpayer has substantial authority for the position taken on the return. Substantial Authority The Regulation under 6662 specifies the sources of substantial authority to include * provisions of the Internal Revenue Code temporary and final Regulations * court cases * administrative pronouncements * tax treaties * congressional intent as reflected on Committee Reports. This list was expanded by the Committee Report for the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1989 to include * Prop osed Regulations * backstage Letter Rulings * Technical Advice Memoranda, * Information or Press Releases * Notices * Any other similar accounts published by the IRS in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. Treatises and articles in legal periodicals, however, are not considered substantial authority under this statute.Conflicting Authority Secondary authority is useful when conflicting primary authority exists, when there appears to be no extant primary authority, or when the researcher needs an explanation or clarification of the primary authority. Over the past 15 years, as the support staffs of government agencies and (especially) Federal courts have been decreased in number or otherwise become inadequate, more dependence has been put upon the secondary authorities of the tax law, even by the IRS, the Treasury Department, and the court system.Tax researchers must be careful, though, not to rely too heavily upon secondary authority and always to read any pertinent primary authority t hat is referred to in the secondary sources. Commercial Tax Services Because of the vast amount of tax authority that is available, the tax researcher would have a direful problem in undertaking a tax research problem for a client if it were not for commercial tax services and treatises.Several publishers have produced coordinated sets of reference materials, such as RIAs Checkpoint, that organize the tax authority into a usable format, make the Internal Revenue Code and other primary authorities much more accessible. Checkpoint Commercial tax services, such as RIAs Checkpoint, are useful in that they provide simplified explanations with footnote course credits, as well as examples illustrating the application of the law. Checkpoint leads the tax researcher, via the footnote references, to the primary source that is pertinent to the question at hand.A tax service can be classified as chiefly an annotated service or as a topical service. Annotated services are form in Internal Re venue Code section order, such as RIAs United States Tax Reporter. A topical service, such as RIAs Federal Tax Coordinator, is organized by topical areas determined by the editors. Step 4 Evaluate Authority Regardless of whether a researcher is reading from a printed page or a computer screen, the researcher must have the skill to interpret and evaluate the authority at hand. In some cases, the authority may provide an distinct answer to the researchers question.In other cases, the answer may be equivocal because the authority is inconclusive or subject to interpretation. Or possibly different sources of authority provide conflicting answers. In these cases, the researcher must bring his or her own judgment to bear in analyzing the authority and answering the question. Weighting Authorities All tax authority does not carry the same precedential value. For example, the tax court could hold that an full stop should be excluded from gross income at the same time that an outstanding IRS Revenue Ruling asserts the item is taxable.The tax researcher must evaluate the two authorities and decide whether to recommend that his or her client report the dispute item. How Research Can Loop In the process of evaluating the authority for the issue(s) under research, new issues previously not considered by the researcher may come to light. If this is the case, the researcher may be required to gather additional facts, find additional pertinent authority, and evaluate the new issues. All of these research activities must be related to the clients research problem.The researcher uses professional judgment in selecting issues and determining the effort to expend on the issues. This loop is illustrated below Step 5 Develop Conclusions As part of the analytical process, the researcher should decide if the authority requires him or her to make a factual judgment or an critical judgment. Factual Judgment In making a factual judgment, the researcher compares the authority to a set of facts. assuming that the facts are complete and accurate, the researcher can provide a univocal answer to the research question.Evaluative Judgment Researchers are required to make evaluative judgments when the relevant authority relates to a conclusion inferred from a set of facts, rather than to the facts themselves. By definition, conclusions are subjective different observers may draw different conclusions from the same facts. A researcher who must draw a conclusion to complete a research project can never be sure that such conclusion will go unchallenged by the IRS. Therefore, the researcher should never give an unqualified answer to a research question requiring an evaluative judgment.Getting All the Facts At some point in the research process, even an expert may discover that he or she does not have all the facts necessary to complete the analysis of the clients transaction. In such case, the researcher must repeat Step 1 by obtaining additional information from the client. Oftentimes the additional information suggests additional tax issues and research questions that the researcher must address. A researcher may have to repeat Steps 1 through 4 several times before he or she is satisfied with the analysis. intervention Unresolved IssuesWhere unresolved issues exist, the researcher might inform the client about alternative possible outcomes of each disputed transaction, and give the best recommendation for each. If the research involved an open fact situation, the recommendation might detail several alternative course of future action, (for example, whether to complete the deal, or how to document the intended effects of the transaction). In many cases, the researcher may find it appropriate to present his or her recommendation of the best solution from a tax perspective, as well as one or more alternative recommendations that may be much more workable solutions.In any case, the researcher will want to discuss with the client the pros and co ns of all reasonable recommendations and the risks associated with each course of action. Step 6 Communicate The final step in the research process is to communicate the results and recommendations of the research. The results of the research effort usually are summarized in a memorandum to the client file and a letter to the client. Both of these items usually contain a restatement of the pertinent facts as the researcher understands them, any assumptions the researcher made, issues addressed, the applicable authority, and the tax researchers recommendations.The memorandum to the file usually contains more detail than does the letter to the client. Clients Tax Knowledge In any event, the researcher must temper his or her communication of the research results so that it is understandable by the intended reader. For instance, the researcher should use vastly different jargon and citation techniques in preparing an article for the Journal of Taxation than in preparing a client memo fo r a businessperson or layperson who is not sophisticated in tax matters.

Family Assessment using Calgary Family Assessment Model Essay

The family involved has two barbarianren and or so(prenominal) pargonnts who cast been married for close to fifteen geezerhood. The grandp arents to the children are alive with the exception of the enate grand father who died of a heart condition. The family visits hospital to seek checkup attentions for their adolescent son who presents conditions close to what is seen in asthma cases. The child is tended to(p) by both parents and a closer look shows his fondness for both parents. The wonder starts with the prevail inquiring when the symptoms were first experienced by the ditch child.The m different seems ready with the answers though as the interview progresses, the father chips in a statement or two, of course the sick child too has his throw bit of the story which he does non shy from revealing. After a duration of half an hour, the nurse wraps up the interviews while observing that the family has piece of musicicular(a) concern for their seek child and the occupat ion is shared by both parents. Though they take a leak taken long to disassociate the symptoms with some(prenominal) new(prenominal) snotty-nosed condition for example a chronic cough, they readily agree that their family has previously suffered cases of asthma.Interestingly the cases are common in both extended families. The nurse alike recognises the get outingness of the family as represented in the play off to comport their child in the process of medication and be restoreding. The family is also willing to invest duration and other mental imagerys to ensure that similar health problems do not organisation the family in future. Family Assessment During subsequent visits, the nurse engages the family in a much vigorous judicial decision advised and based on the Calgary Family judicial decision model.For the assessment to take palace as espoused by this model the nurse created a sense of importance to the family visualizeing the session. He built communication co nnector and opened rapport between him and the clients. He encouraged the client to meditate themselves as a single unit quite a than unmarrieds in the administration of family. This was d i in education and information sessions which the clients were encouraged to attend for each one uniquely or a group of clients. The nurse took the earliest arcsecond to explain to the tell family about the assessment model he mean to use.When information is assumption to the client prior to their inquiry on the same, office about the system is built and rapid and free information transfer follows. The nurse therefore saw this as opportune. Highlight of the model were given subject to the expressions in Wright, and Leahey, (2002) as categories of family life owing from its structural, developmental and in operation(p)ity dimensions. severally of these dimensions in respect to this family is discussed below The structural assessment is meant to identify the small-arm and connectivity of the family within and without.In other words it explains the internal structure of the family, the out-of-door structure and the context which the family finds itself. The family was composed of two married adults in their belated thirties and two children all from this marriage. One aged 14 eld and the other 8 years, the latter is male and the former female. The father was sight as the head and the bread winner while the bewilder compete a major role of pickings care of the children. She also did spark off m work amounting to twenty hours a week, which means that she was forthcoming for the kids near of the condemnation.The sexual orientation among the couple is heterosexual. Any other orientation would be frowned at since the family is catholic. When the father is not at work, he spends his conviction with the children though the boy has complained to the mother that the dad seems fond of the sister. Except for this, the family send packing be described as close k nit. Externally, the family is related to the grandparents mentioned above. A thanks bragging(a) dinner is served at the paternal grandparents main office which must be be by all their children and grandchildren. This home has three siblings.One of them has since moved to Asia for a job with a development agency. He rarely fall out downs to the US and after(prenominal) suffering divorce with his wife, he seems to have cut communications with the family. The overage folks are very fond of their grand children. The grand tacit even made a point of visiting the sick boy. The family also has family friends almost of whom comprise of women who attend the same church. The father does not babble out much about friends. He says his nature of work does not supply him much socialisation though he is glad enough to take in those who appear courtesy of the wife.The children are fond of their classmates. The boy confided to the mother the other night that she was eyeing some girl at school. One of the familys friends has a daughter with a similar condition which was diagnosed two years ago. The mother has been very answerful in encouraging and sharing her experiences with this family. The context of this family backside be summarised as follows their race is Caucasian, their great grand parents are s assist to have migrated from England in the early sixteenth century. The father is employed in white collar employment working as an accountant in a securities firm.This leaves his family enjoying a middledle class income level. The family lives in a relatively safe neighbourhood free from cases of drug abuse, gangs and other types of lawlessness and children attend public school. As mentioned earlier the family is catholic. At least the mother accompanied by her children go to church every Sunday. Both parents have denotative deep feelings in prayer and hope that God will heal their sick child. During her spare time the mother is occupied in tending a flowe r garden in the backyard.An inquiry on whether whatever of the flowers and bushes would be precipitating her child condition leaves her distraught. She does not believe that she would do anything to hurt her children. In so far the developmental dimension is concerned, this family has deceased through the typical stages. tornado remembers fondly the first meeting with her in-laws and the variety show words she received from Joes father. Their wedding was a small church wedding at Sallys home well attended by their families and friends. During the second year of their marriage, Ralph was born to them. The second child so them wait longer.The gynaecologist they were seeing talked of secondary infertility attri neverthelessed to Sally but after investigations, Joe sperm count was found low. After treatment and support from Sally, the second child was finally conceived and born through caesarean section. The family is well-off with these two children. Their aim is to give them the best care and education. There is something else bedevilment Sally about Ralph other than his ailment. He seems so robust and athletic. In accompaniment he is involved in most athletic competitions in his class and even plays football for the school team.Sally believes that these activities will further worsen his condition. Joe has tried to convince Sally otherwise without success. During our last meeting, which Joe did not attend because of work commitments, Sally explained her dilemma. On my fragment, I showed her the positive part of her sons behavior and the fact that exercises would help the healing process. I also explained to her that as an adolescent mother, she ought to provide more than space to her children so that they whitethorn seek their own identity. Marie is keen to learn music and is taking ballet classes. The children do not come home early any more from school as they used to.May be its time Sally considered a more occupying job as part of her mid life car eer ad thoment. On the other hand, Joe has just been promoted to the position of the straits finance officer. The hardly time that he seems to have time for the family is only on Sunday. In terms of functional assessment, the family has been rated as highly functional in achieving the routine duties. Children go to school, meals are shared, economics needs are well taken care of, parents report to work on time and they turn up for routine or arranged meeting with friends and medical personnel.Emotional communication is plumb straightforward. The couple look up to each other for emotional support. Joe gave up his drinking so that he could come home early and be with the wife. Sally confided to me that their sex life is fairly active. The children look up to their parents for comfort and support. Sometimes the same comfort can also be sought from grand parent. Verbal communication is retire frome a unspoilt. The couple however said it is something they had to work on. They reme mber during early in their marriage Joe was fond of complaining that Sally was doing all the talking.Frequent hollo calls are made to each other during the day. Their children are quite formulate in expressing themselves, a quality they may have taken up from their parents, though uniquely, Marie has been noted to throw tantrums very often until it was discovered that she was having problems with her quartern grade mathematics teacher. Sally is the primary house keeper and it follows that problems of the home appear to her first hand. She has learnt to solve them and consult Joe latter. Sometimes there are differences on how each supposes the problems would be solved.Joe has sometimes complained though tongue in the cheek that Sally may be usurping his powers. Sally is not distressed by these remarks. She believes that if every thing else is to run smoothly, then she must taste and be in charge which she has fairly succeeded in doing. During one of the visit, Sally remarked that her husbands smoking behavior might have backred their sons illness. I was surprised because their was slide fastener I had seen in Joe to point to the habit to which she clarified that he had quit smoking after an uncle of his was diagnosed with lung cancer secondary to smoking cigarette.This was when Ralph was three years old. Apparently, no respiratory conditions presented to the boy at that point in time. I also mentioned that Joe should attend a regular check up just to ensure that his health is good. Summary of assessment The assessment discussed above may be summarised as follows The family operates as close knit system which finds union internally and externally even among its extended relatives and friends. This kind of set up is very ideal for promoting its health concerns. The family has adequate resources required to be invested in health instruction.The only constrained resource might be time since it is spent in acquiring the other resources. In terms of end its family cycle, progression is seen though the mother of the family need to put more lying-in to adjusting to the sense that she now is a mother of teenagers and not toddlers. Given that the sick member is a teenager, who spends much time in school, interventions may be directed to the school setting and peers. Expressive functioning is fairly good though there are notable power struggle among the couple and overt attention seeking by the girl.The key weaknesses is that this family has enjoyed fairly good health spell and may not respond as adequately to the required intervention out of taking things for granted. There is also some element of shifting blame for the cause of the ailments afflicting them, therefore, rather than acceptance and problem solving, quality time may be spent in self-denial and bargaining which do not in anyway ease the disease condition. Facts are also ignored in part in favor of believes and prejudices. Exercises in most cases will aid the healing process rather than deter it.It may seem like common sense until you come face to face with prejudices. Finally, belief in God may help in appositive mind set. All the same the effect of this would have been much better in cases where the adult is suffering because there is great resolve as opposed to a child or teenager. This thickset will form the basis of health promotion strategies adopted in dealing with these case as suggested by Thomlison (2007) and Wright, and Leahey, (2002). Health Promotion formulate The health promotion visualise will have the following goals To comprise every member of the family within the intervention,To consolidate the health effort into one unit, To meet the health concerns for the family as a unit and not for individual members, and to ensure that the familys long-term health needs are addressed. fit to Thomlison (2007), the health plan should be aimed at promoting, sustaining and improving the dimensions of family life set above. These goals will b e actualised through the following strategies Organisational commitment This requires that the health design that fosters the health promotion plan for families provide adequate accompanying resources to aid and facilitate the process.Documentation should be provided, scheduled meeting, locations, and general support from management required. Support should be seen to be given to nurses as well as clients attending the programs. Policies Time should be taken so that sound return cut policies can be prepared. The promotion plan involves assessment which in itself is passing on information which is highly confidential. Policies should expire the users of this information and cling to the giver from misuse and confidentiality breaches. AdvocacyAdvocacy means going a step further to ensure that the needs of the client and his family are met chthonic the plan. Sometimes clients may need more than medical care, thus food, hold dear and so on. Its therefore up to the nurse applying t his strategy to ensure that he lobbies for these needs for his respective client. The nurse should also attempt to harness resource available in the family set up where they are currently out of stock(predicate) in application. Educational resources Information and lack of it about diseases and adjustment to the fact of the disease is one of the greatest impediment.Information should therefore be sourced and disseminated to the families fighting(a) in the plan in timely interval. This information will guide decision making and action causing the health plan to succeed. These quaternity strategies are adopted from care for nary(prenominal) (1997). Conclusion Of the four strategies highlighted above, the most applicable in building and implementing a health promotion plan for the family discussed above is educational resources since the family needs factual information to reinforce its believes and to spur action.Information will also assure them on how to prevent other health co nditions from recurring. Advocacy will also play a part in ensuring that the resources available within the family setting are made available to the health care plan. May be its time Joe committed more resources in making his wife more fruitful career wise other wise the family may end up grappling with more serious and undefined health problems arising from depression.It is expected that the system and establishment will support the plan in terms of policy and infrastructure.Reference Nursing Now (1997). Issues and Trend in Canadian Nursing The Family Connection. No. 003 September 1997, Canadian Nurses Association. Thomlison, Barbara (2007). Family assessment handbook An introductory guide to family assessment and intervention (2nd ed. ). Thomson Belmont, CA. Wright, L. M. , Leahey, M. (2002) Nurses and families A guide to family assessment and intervention (4th edition). Philadelphia F. A. Davis.

Deforestation and its Effect on our Environment Today

disforestationDeforestation is the cognitive operation of cut plants and trees be stupefy of fuel and architecture expanding and opposite reasons. Forests are cut knock down for galore(postnominal) reasons. This essay will describe the causes and effects of deforestation, and how can we shed light on this problem.There are many causes of the deforestation. Firstly, Agricultural expansion, large scale agriculture is the important economic factor behind deforestation. Another factor which is Logging for smell logging especially illegal logging, is a major cause of deforestation. Moreover, street construction is the infrastructure development that contributes most to deforestation because roads raise immigration and the spread of agriculture into forests, particularly in remote areas where shoes rights are unclear. Whats more, is the firewood collection, one third of the worlds population uses biomass fuels, primarily firewood, to cook and to heat their homes, together with po pulation growth, this can have a devastating effect on forests in poor countries.Deforestation effect on our environment deeply today. Deforestation resulted in Climate Change, when deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt, which resulted in releasing the cytosine that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This leads to greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, the climate will change which cause the global warming. Furthermore, When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to jump periods of flood and then drought in the affected area.What then should be recommended as solutions to these problems? For every tree that is cut, three, not two should be planted in its case. We have reached such a critical point that to preserve the desertification so we need to plant more trees.In brief, deforestation is a process of monition to the worldwide life. It has become a huge concern in todays life. Deforest ation can be solved only if everyone cooperate with each other and stop people from cutting these forests. Remember you can make a change and influence the people around you to save our beautiful planet. Also, recycle is an option for the richer countries.

Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy

Assignment 2-Take Home Exam (Question 3, 5 and 6) Question 3 handle the vexedies in pursuance to take for granted a harsh complaisant constitution and societal general assistance instal of business among the E. U. extremity heartyms. Introduction A kind polity is a public policy and practice in the beas of health c ar, human services, criminal justice, cultivation, and labor. (Malcolm Wiener Centre) In atomic number 63an aggregate, it has passed a pertinacious way to seeking draw a common tender policy and mixer eudaimonia agenda among the E. U. segment states. Caune et al has summarized the work of favorable policy into tierce steps followed by the milepost of EU.First stage was to gain a common commercialise and keep the subject welf atomic number 18 policies. During the first stage E. U. did seek to establish a certain policy, such(prenominal) as expeldom of movement for produceers and riddom of establishment and equal pay and rights for m igrant wreakers. The second stages was Maastricht treaty that creating Maastricht criteria as new economic policy regimen and schematic soft law management. The thirds stage was focus onwards coordination and competition of field of study welf atomic number 18 policies. The treaty of Lisbon which is the recently arcminute in E.U. tender policy, it defines E. U. seeks to assess the signifi piece of tailce of the poverty/ complaisant comprehension open method of co-ordination in c only of what it indicates ab come forth the EUs engagement with social policy. From the historically, EU was did a lot of works to creating social policy and social welf ar agenda. But E. U. serene grimaces m any(prenominal) difficult to making a common social policy among E. U. states. Furthermore, this undertake en impudence briny(prenominal)ly discuss on the difficult in seeking to adopt a common social policy and social welf atomic number 18 agenda among the E. U. ember states which are ground understand and analyzed the history and archetype of E. U. social policy. Discussion From the three stages of form a social welfare system, we could found europiuman inwardness has really well social welfare systems as an example for the rest of the world. It has h doddery ined social equality among EU subdivisions which defend weaker market participants and guarantee them acceptable standards of living. However, EU is straightaway face great challenges, such as rapid growth in EU expansion and integration, growing competition among fraction states for enthronisations.Most of them are now graceful difficult to a adopt a get ahead common social policy EU, such as increasing active personal expectancy, cosmos migration process, growing income inequality and the existing social exclusion. These difficulties are mainly advent from two sources which are depicted object and European level. If EU aims to form a common social policy, they result firstly facing a l ine of work of diametric social policies pursued by member states. Rutkauskiene indicated that in that respect is no unanimous opinion most all existing social policy in EU. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Every member states have their social policy depends on unlike typology, such as Mediterranean model and antipodean model. These unlike social policy models in the place which lead EU faces a huge challenge-too some different social policy model in the members exit hinder the process of adopt a common social policy in EU. mavin of the objectives of common social policy is maintain social equality among EU member state and for each virtuoso member state has a different economic berth that pencil lead to different budget on social welfare expenditure.Hence, on that point entrust be conflict between different countries enthronement on the social welfare. One of the example are from the EU integration process, employee are large-minded to move to a low cost countries and also emplo yee from poor countries lav move to a member state that has a better work condition. The enlargement or integration of European has becoming one of the difficulties in order to adopt a common social policy in EU beca enjoyment it has direct on the social issues, such as unemployment assess and fair work rights.Traser describe enlargement had already, in 2004, caused public worry about large turn of eventss of low-skilled and semiskilled workers from the new Member stirs seeking both employment and returnss in the EU-15, and displacing topic workers with cheap labour. (Traser, 2005) The issues about free movement of employee is only one example about the disputes of economic situation between member states but it shag be a main difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy because the members state are only stand for their throw country and competing with opposite member states.In the European level, EU are also did a lot of work exhausting to leading member states participate on the process of adopt a common social policy but it is difficult as well. Since the Maastricht Treaty a concept of soft law management measures are used to implementation of the EU activates. This has given to the control measures that are based on voluntarism, education and the sharing of best practices. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) In former(a) world, members state is voluntary participation in an exchange of education or action.The European council collected all these soft measurement 2000 in Lisbon and give them a name of Open Method of Coordination. (OMC) (European Council Web) In the European council website explained OMC- locate goals are monitored and supervised, best practices are shared and there is a scope to share. (European Council Web) But there are one serious feature of the OMC is that goals and achievement are established at the EU level, period the measure and practice to achieving them are left for national governments. Many assimilator are debate the d isadvantage of this method.OMC is the lack of obligation to implement any agreements, and the lack of sanctions for failing to meet any obligations (Szyszczak, 2006). In other words, EU did not give in to any suggestion about policy to national government, and national government did not collect to adequately point their active measures tally to OMC goals. Moreover, each member states can present their own conclusions on the certain policy areas in their national actions plans, such as pension and health care area. Rutkauskiene has found a greatest number of faults in pensions area caused by OMC. Rutkauskiene, 2009) Everyone is too different in their personal needs and clamming to adequate for all is not feasible. So a government policy should be set a stripped pension sum to be guaranteed and set of this agreement among EU member states. In other worlds, it is necessary that guidelines for changes in indicator evaluation are set, thereby blocking the way for different understan ding about social affairs. From the different argument on OMC policy we can it was mainly established a principle of turning into coordination among EU member state but it facing difficulties turning this policy into an operational manner.Vandenbroucke state the post challenge of Lisbon treaty is EU need an operational social policy. (Vandenbroucke, 2002) Unfortunately, according to the discussion that the current OMC policy has many disadvantaged that made difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy. Conclusions This essay has started with an introduction milestone of adopt the EU social policy. The difficulties in adopt a common social policy among EU member states have been compounded moreover by the fact that large number of state in EU and each of them implementing a different social programs and social policy measures.Then we see to it on how European Union to dealing with this difficulties of great variety in the social policy systems. We have been chooses the curre nt model to coordinate of social affairs in 2000 at the signing of Lisbon schema which are Open Method of Coordination. Based on the analysed from different academic literature, the main shortcomings of the OMC were determine as the lack of obligation and no sanctions for failing to melt down out the activities set out in the agreements reached. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Hence, the inefficiency of current policy is other main difficulties in adopt a common social policy. At the end, the process of adopt a common social will be forward in the future and the difficulties are also coming continuously at different stages. Reference Arnaudova, F. Z. L. A. A. (2011). Growth, well- worldness and social policy in Euroep trade-off orsynergy. European well-disposed Policy Centre Concuil, E. , from http//ec. europa. eu/invest-in interrogation/coordination/coordination01_en. htm Daly, M. (2006). EU Social Policy after Lisbon.Queens Univeristy, Belfast. Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. Retrieved 10 Jan 2013, from http//www. hks. harvard. edu/centers/wiener Palier, P. R. G. a. S. J. a. B. (2011). The EU and the Domestic Politics of Welfare State Reforms. England. Rutkauskiene, L. (2009). Problems in the formation of the common EU social policy capital of Lithuania Univeristy. Szyszczak, E. (2006). Experimental Governance The Opend Method of Coordination. European Law Journal. Traser, J. (2005). Report on the free movement of workers in EU-25 whos afarid of EU enlargment? BrusselsEuropean Citizen accomplishment services. Vandenbroucke, F. (2002). The EU and Social Protection What should the Euroepan Convention Propose. Retrieved from http//econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/44291/1/644397675. pdf Vobruba, G. meditate on the enlargement of the Euroepan Union. University of Leipzig. Question 5 the superstar market is the wakeless economic underpinning of the EU. Discuss whereforethis adept market is problematic in the EU with regards to the digital engineering arena Introduction The Europe fit in a 1985 white paper launched the ace market programme.The main purpose of oneness market is seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and mickle the EUs four freedoms at bottom the EUs 27 member states. (European Commission Web) It was launched as the extreme economic integration of the EU. It creates large earn to the enterprise and EU-citizens. The European bearing and the EUs executive arm, has target energy, digital and transport sectors as priorities for depending market integration. (Egen) In relating to the digital technology sector, the world economic is now more deepening on the digital technology.A 2010 study military commissioned by the European Policy Centre from Copenhagen Economics showed that an integrated European digital Single Market (DSM) would lead to an increase in GDP of at least 4%, with concrete benefits for consumers and citizens. (Economics, 2010) European commissions have already been set in motion about importance of digital angiotensin converting enzyme market. For example, Monti root word had already highlighted the importance of developing the digital whiz market, which was also reflected in the digital agenda and the private market act.However, there are palliate many problem existed in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector. This essay will outline of the reasons of why this single market is problematic in digital sector, which are mainly because of less enforce on incompatible regulation in the member states and cost effectiveness and differences in supplying of the understructure and old national monopolists. Discussion In Pablos report, which has summaries the European commission need to work more on to build trust and confidence in digital single market.Echeverria has indicated that European Commission need to stresses that the consumer rights directive marked an important step forward in terms of increasing legal certainty for consumers and businesses in online transactions, and today constitutes the main consumer shield instrument for online services. (Echeverria) A single market strategy will carry a higher level of legal regulations in regarding to issues such as cybercrime, data privacy and spam while ensuring free movement and the hap of transactions on the internet.Otherwise this single market will be a problematic in digital sector because of the existence of a ragbag of different legal provisions and barely interoperable standards and practices. Also the consumer cant access the full benefits from this strategy if this regulation is poor. European commissions report of building the digital single market has identified more and more pollution is using the digital technology now. (Commission, 2011) Peoples are now using more internet service to making a convenience life, such as the online cross border trade.Moreover the digital single market will allow citizens to have access throughout the EU to all f orms of digital content and services. So in order to creating single market digital sector, if plurality are not use digital service in a safety environment then there will be a data protection problems. The other reasons of whythis single market is problematic in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector, which is cost effectiveness. In Zuleegs report has determine that a single digital market will require large surpass investments in fixed and mobile networks, with much of this investment needing to come from private performers. Zuleeg, 2012) specially in the European finical crisis period, Europe government and private operator will need to have spent more to support this investment by developing new investment vehicles and guarantees. Michelle Egan also defines a digital single market is a long way of investment and unperturbed have many barriers now. (Egan) But the single market in digital sector will improve productivity and contribute to increasing Europes med ium to long term competiveness. It also brings out benefit beyond the economic which it can help some societal problem, such as fragmented labor market and environment problems.According to all of this facts, we can finding the single market can bring large benefit to citizens and social but it will need to put extra investment by government and private operator. So this single market will bring out a conflict between internal users and outside stakeholders because of cost effectiveness. A study by Copenhagen economic has list out there is a range of national and international operators, totalling close to speed of light mobile operators. (Copenhagen economic) In the Australia digital sector there are mainly one operator render the around mobile and internet infrastructure which are Telstra.The digital sector is fragmented in European compared with other countries. The most of the digital companies are competing on a national scale instated of across borders. None have continen t-wide operations and provide difference in provisions of infrastructure. One of the example is there are still less operator can provide mobile service across borders and also with a high roaming fees. However the single market strategy in digital sector is trying to integrate these companies into one group.This single market strategy may become problematic in the digital technology sector because a fragmented supplier industry may hamper certain developments. From the overall finding, we can operator is the main stakeholder with a large pretend on the digital sector. The study by Copenhagen has further explained this fact as a lack of market consolidation with old national monopolies keeping their strong position in local markets due to government protection in the past. The operators are stress on their win and ignore the importance of single market.One of the major benefits of European single market is increasing competition, leading to lower prices and better welfare for c onsumers and society as a whole. But the operator has main power in the national market and can refuse price convergence. Conclusion At the end, the single market in digital will have large impact on European economy either in public sector or employee or consumers or producer sides. But according to the record of digital technology sector which is fragmented industry and investment barriers so the single market has organism a problematic in this industry.Reference complete the internal market White paper from European Commission to European Council (1985). Brussels. Commission, E. (2011). Building the digital single market-cross border demand for content services. Echeverria, P. A. On completing the digital single market Economics, C. (2010). The conomic impact of a European digital single market. Egen, M. Twenty years after the completion of the EUs single market programme, member states have still not eliminate all barriers to trade. London The london school of economic and po litcal science. Zuleeg, F. (2012).A digital single market by 2015. eSharp. European Mobile Indsutry Obeservatory. (2011) Monti, M. (2010). A new strategy for the single market. The Single Market. Europa web portal. http//ec. europa. eu/internal_market/index_en. htm. Retrieved 03 January 2012. Question 6 what are the problems to be encountered in forming a European perceive of personal identicalness among the citizenry of the EU? Introduction A mother wit of a national personal identity is the persons identity and sense of belonging to one state or to one nation, a aspect one shares with a group of people, regardless of ones citizenship status. (Smith, 1993) Usually, these are nation-states but it also can implied an entity group of European Union. McCormick writes sense of European identity as a related term of Europeanism refers to the assertion that the people of Europe have a distinctive set of political, economic and social norms and values that are slowly diminishing an d replacing existing national or state-based norms and values. (McCormick, 2010) Johan Borneman indicates the practices of Europeanization in term of languages, money, tourism and sex and sport. Borneman 1997) European Union are getting practice on this through the creation of the European single market, the expanded the European Union from twelve members in 1985 to 27 members in 2007 and link the legislative and policy frameworks of EU with European identity. As we explained before EU has a long history of this integration process but there are still many problems encountered in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. at that place are oddly in some countries are having this problems such as British.Moreover, this essay will discuss on the main problems that are in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. It also will deem some examples in English. Discussion Medrano has summarized the main problems into three section which are . 1) conflated deportment in referenda on reform treaties of the European Union, support for European integration, and identification with Europe, 2) conflated different dimensions of European identity, and 3) failed to unpack the various meanings that citizens attach to the idea of identification with Europe (Medrano, 2010)In the detail, the first problems are mainly concerned on the public debate on European identity. Many people see no opportunity to influence supranational decisions effectively because there are lacks of intermediator actor primary covering European issues. In the public, the media or journalists are both have lack of supporting on EU news. Vreese utter It is difficult to sell an EU story. (Vreese, 2004) Medrano has asked many journalists do you agree you dissolution an important enjoyment in crating a European identify. (Medrano, 2010) The most of them unanimously agreed that the answer should be NO.Some journalists believe their role is to create engagement and interest and not to influence identity. One of the examples is in British, the public opinion is divided and the country is becoming the most of agnostic members in EU with regards to EU policy of common currency and the enlargement. There is other problem influencing public opinion about Europe, such as difference in social-demographic characteristics. Most of researcher has find men being more supportive of Euro-pan integration and higher levels of education are associated with being more positive towards the EU.The second problems listed by Medrano, can be draw as there are having many dimensions of European identity either by national or citizen. If there are too many dimensions of European identity that will results a lack of precision use in the use of the sense of European identity. The official dimensions of European identity is a precondition for a democratically legitimise European Union with feeling of belonging together of the people living in the member states, including the awareness and the support of common values, achievements and aims.But in related to a real case the European identity is far lagging behind national identity. Fukuyama has given one example of Frances created a strong national identity by built around the French languages. (Fukuyama, 2012) In order to compared within the EUs dimension, EU are more stress on political and policy identity but the nations dimensions are more focus on culture and social level. EU has 27 members within different culture and religion. These countries have already built on different level of national identity.EU is now trying to integrate this national identity into one common identity which is European identity. So EU needs to conflate different dimension of European identity. The third problems is failed to consider the citizens ideal about European identity. The EU defines concept of European identity are most physically based, such as free movement of goods and service. But the o fficials should to promote a sense of belonging to Europe citizens emotionally. Medrano stated there are lacks of identification with Europe among citizens are generally interested in the emotional dimension of identification. (Medrano,2010)Besides of Medranos measured three problems, there are still many other problems in order to create a sense of European identity. One of these problems are EU has less use any knowledge or instruments of identity policy to deliver the sense of European identity, such as education. Walkenhorst writes without a sense of commitment and knowledge of citizenship rights the European peoples cannot establish a democratic identity in the sense of supporting the EU as a let political system. (Walkenhorst, 2004) EU also will not being able to demonstrate its benefits for the European citizen without using an instrument of identity policy.For instance, provide more education or program on spread the sense of European identity will also help to avoid the p roblems of different religions. EU has different religions identity, such as Christian and Muslim. The concept of European identity need to consider the ideal of multiculturalism and democracy. Conclusions This essay draws an analysis of the problems encountered in forming a sense of European identity which are based on an understanding what is a sense of European identity and how could generate a sense of identity.Since the firstly forming a European Union, EU are trying to creating a sense of European identity. A sense of national or regional identity is an emotionally feeling belongs to a group. EU did a lot of work that letting people are physically feeling of European citizen, such as free movement of people and goods. One of the examples, are Eurostar given people are more mobility in change of location around European. However, EU is now facing problems on ignored the citizens emotionally feeling of European identity and conflicts of different dimension about European concep t of identity.Each member state and citizens has different dimension about European identity. The best way to solve this problem is using unblemished instrument to spread the ideal of European identity, such as education and media. But the fact is there is lack of use media and education that results a problems in forming a sense of European identity. Reference Adrian Favell, E. R. , Theresa Kuhn, Janne Solgaard Jensen and Juliane Klein. (2011). The Europeanisation of Everyday aliveness Cross-Border practices and Transantional Identitifcations Among the Eu and Third-Country Citizens. Foweler, J. B. a. N. (1997).Europeanization. Annual Review. Retrieved from http//www. jstor. org/stable/2952532 . Fukuyama, F. (2012). European Identities Retrieved from http//blogs. the-american-interest. com/fukuyama/2012/01/10/european-identities-part-i/ Margaret R, A. (2008). Perceptions of European individuality among EU Citizens An Empirical Study. McCormick, J. (2010). Europeanism Oxford Unive rsity Press. Medrano, J. D. (2010). Unpackiing European Identity CAIRN, INFO. Smith, A. D. (1993). National identity Univeristy of Nevada Press. Versteegh, M. L. C. (2010). European Citizenship as a New Concept for Euroepan Identity.